Search results for " economic history"
showing 10 items of 19 documents
Does one size fit all? The impact of cognitive skills on economic growth
2016
Les Documents de Travail de l'IREDU, n°2016-1; This paper tests for heterogeneous effects of cognitive skills on economic growth across countries. Using a new extended dataset on cognitive skills and controlling for potential endogeneity, we find that the magnitude of the effect is about 60 per cent higher for low-income countries compared to high-income countries, and it more than doubles when low TFP countries are compared to high TFP countries. There are also marked differences across geographic regions. Using data on the share of the population with advanced and minimum skill levels, our results also indicate that high-income countries should focus on increasing the number of high skill…
Do we value mobility?
2015
Is there a trade-off between people's preference for income equality and income mobility? Testing for the existence of such a trade-off is difficult because mobility is a multifaceted concept. We analyse results from a questionnaire experiment based on simple precise concepts of income inequality and income mobility. We fnd no direct trade-off in preference between mobility and equality, but an indirect trade-off, applying when more income mobility can only be obtained at the expense of some income inequality. Mobility preference - but not equality preference - appears to be driven by personal experience of mobility.
Debating Sound Money in Early Modern Europe: From Dualist to Metallic Monetary Systems
2019
International audience; In this paper, we present the monetary debates in Europe from the XVIth to the XVIIIth centuries from the viewpoint of the problem of good and sound money. The framework of the paper is built on a typology of monetary systems, by which a dualist system is distinguished from a metallic one. Under the dualist system, the value in units of account of the specie in circulation was defined by monetary proclamations (Einaudi locates this era from Charlemagne to the French Revolution). Metallist proponents aimed at preventing any kind of manipulations with a radical transformation of the system of payment, which gave birth to a metallic monetary system from the very end of …
Ansichten über die Ursachen und die wahrscheinliche Dauer der Wohlfeilheit aller Landeserzeugnisse, besonders mit Rücksicht auf Liv- und Esthland, ne…
1825
Market potential estimates in history: a survey of methods and an application to Spain, 1867-1930
2014
New Economic Geography (NEG) models stress the importance of access to demand as a key driver of the spatial and temporal distribution of economic activity (Krugman, 1991). Therefore, in order to test the theoretical predictions emanating from NEG a sound measure of accessibility is required. In line with Crafts (2005b), this paper constructs market potential estimates for Spain at the province level (NUTS3) between 1867 and 1930 using Harris’s (1954) equation. This period is particularly appealing as it was during these years that the Spanish market became integrated thanks to the fall in transport and trade costs. A number of key processes, including the substitution of traditional transp…
Wealth Creation and Science Research : Science Research, the root of wealth in our Knowledge Society, is endangered
Two vastly dierent historical stages in wealth creation are the traditional one based on agriculture during past millennia, and the one based on science research in our present globalizing knowledge society. The dierences happen to be so considerable, and the emergence of the second stage relatively so recent, that the awareness of the full range of consequences regarding the proper pursuit of science research, which is the root of wealth in our knowledge society, is missing to an extent that may, even in the medium term, seriously endanger the sustainability of modern human society. Here is presented a brief account of some of such dangers, following which a parable, entitled "Is it a mere…
Banks, Firms and Economic Culture: Economists and Research Centres in Interwar Italy
2020
In the interwar years, Italy experimented a strong growth of applied economic research. The foundation of research centers can be read and placed in a much wider international trend that emerged during the Great War. In this essay, we offer a map of the most important research centers, exploring the extensive web of relationships between the academia and the productive world. We then focus on a set of case studies, selected for their relevance. Section 2 is devoted to the banking sector, with reference to four important cases (Banca Commerciale Italiana, Banca d’Italia, Associazione Bancaria Italiana and Banco di Sicilia); section 3 to the industrial sector (IRI, Finsider, Ansaldo, Edison, …
Valoració de l’Avaluació en Competències a través de models d’elecció discreta
2017
La implantació dels nous mètodes d’ensenyament, sota el marc establert per l’Espai Europeu d’Educació Superior (EEES), suposa un canvi en l’organització de la forma d’ensenyar i aprendre, centrat en la formació per competències. En termes d’avaluació, la nova forma d’ensenyament implica el pas d’un sistema d’avaluació única a un sistema d’avaluació contínua, en el qual l’estudiant participa activament en el procés d’aprenentatge i en la consecució no només dels objectius establerts per a cada assignatura, sinó també en l’adquisició d’habilitats i destreses més generals i de caràcter transversal. L’objectiu d’aquesta comunicació és presentar una anàlisi de l’impacte sobre el resultat final …
Inequality and poverty in a developing economy: Evidence from regional data (Spain, 1860-1930)
2015
Apart from measuring inequality and poverty at the provincial level in Spain between 1860 and 1930, this paper empirically assesses the relationship between economic growth and both inequality and destitution. The results, on the one hand, confirm the presence of a KuznetsÕ curve. However, although growing incomes did not directly contribute to reducing inequality, at least during the early stages of modern economic growth, other processes associated with economic growth significantly improved the situation of the bottom part of the population. On the other hand, growing incomes and lower inequality levels are shown to have been pro-poor.
Calcul des risques et rationalité dans la pensée de Cesare Beccaria
2000
International audience; Le traité de Beccaria Des délits et des peines fut publié entre avril et juillet 1764 au moment où paraissaient les premières feuilles du Café 1. Il est donc à peu près contemporain de l'essai d'analyse sur la contrebande que Beccaria rédigea pour le périodique de Pietro Verri. Cet article est assez peu commenté pour des raisons qui sont simples : il s'agit d'un texte bref (une page et demie) ; le sujet traité est une question technique (la méthode de fixation d'un tarif douanier). Beccaria enfin recourt aux mathématiques en utilisant des symboles et une forme de fonction qui ne sont pas ceux des manuels d'aujourd'hui 2. Pourtant l'article nous paraît typique de la r…